How to Spot the Signs and Choose the Right Treatment
Heart valve disorders occur when one or more of the heart's valves do not work properly. The heart has four valves that open and close to keep blood flowing in the right direction. When there is a problem with a heart valve, the heart may need to work harder to pump blood. In this article, we'll explain some common signs and symptoms, and describe treatment methods so you know how to manage heart valve disorders.
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Valve Disorders
Palpitations
Many people with heart valve disorders may feel that their heart is beating too fast, too hard or in an irregular way. This feeling is called palpitations. It may feel like the heart is skipping a beat or fluttering. Palpitations can happen when the heart must pump extra blood or when the valve does not close completely.
Edema
Edema refers to swelling in parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles or feet. In heart valve disorders, the heart may not pump blood efficiently, which can cause blood to back up in other parts of the body.
Chest Pain
Chest pain is another sign of a heart valve problem. The pain may feel like pressure or tightness in the chest. When the heart works too hard to move blood through a faulty valve, it might not get enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen can cause discomfort or pain in the chest.
Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath happens when the lungs do not get enough blood or oxygen. People with heart valve disorders may feel winded during activities that were once easy to do. This symptom may also come on while resting or lying flat.
Fatigue
Feeling very tired or weak is common when the heart is not pumping blood as well as it should. Fatigue can occur because the body is not getting the oxygen it needs from the blood. People with heart valve disorders might feel tired even after a good night’s sleep.
Dizziness
Dizziness, light-headedness or even fainting can be signs of a heart valve disorder. When the heart does not pump enough blood to the brain, it can cause a feeling of light-headedness. This symptom may occur suddenly, especially during or after physical activity.
Treatment Methods for Heart Valve Disorders
Heart valve problems can be treated in many ways so that the heart can work better. Here are some of the different treatment options available for heart valve disorders.
Medications
Medications are often one of the first treatments for heart valve disorders. Medicines may help control symptoms, lower the heart rate or reduce blood pressure. Doctors might prescribe drugs to help thin the blood and prevent clots, reduce fluid build-up or manage other related symptoms.
Heart Valve Repair
When the heart valve is damaged but can be fixed, doctors may perform a heart valve repair. In this procedure, surgeons work to fix a valve that leaks or does not open properly. A repair can improve blood flow and often restores the normal working of the heart.
Heart Valve Replacement
If the valve is too damaged to repair, doctors may suggest a heart valve replacement. In this procedure, a damaged valve is removed and replaced with an artificial valve. The new valve can be made of plastic, metal or tissue from an animal or a human donor.
Diet
A healthy diet can help manage heart valve disorders. Eating a diet that is low in salt and unhealthy fats can help lower blood pressure and reduce extra fluid in the body. Foods rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains improve overall heart health.
Exercise
Regular physical activity is important for heart health. Exercise helps keep the heart strong and can improve circulation. However, it is important to talk with your doctor before starting any exercise program. The right level of activity can help manage weight and may reduce some symptoms of heart valve disorders.
Control Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can be a serious problem when you have a heart valve disorder. Doctors may advise you to monitor your blood pressure closely and take steps to lower it. Sometimes medications are given to keep blood pressure under control.
Maintain Healthy Weight
Keeping a healthy weight helps reduce the burden on the heart. Extra weight makes the heart work harder, which can worsen the symptoms of a heart valve disorder. Eating well and exercising regularly can help you reach and maintain a healthy weight.
Quit Smoking
Smoking damages the heart and blood vessels. If you have a heart valve disorder, quitting smoking is one of the most important steps you can take. This helps improve blood flow and reduces the risk of further heart damage.
Manage Cholesterol Levels
High cholesterol can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Managing cholesterol through diet, exercise and medications can improve heart function. A healthy cholesterol level means that your heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the body.
Final Notes
Heart valve disorders can present with several signs and symptoms. Early treatment and healthy lifestyle changes can help manage the condition and lead to a better quality of life.
Keep reading to learn the difference between heart attacks and cardiac arrest.