From Medications to Lifestyle Tips
Managing cholesterol is essential for a healthy heart and your overall well-being. High cholesterol levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, so taking a motivated approach to manage and lower cholesterol is key. In this article we explore several ways to manage cholesterol levels.
1. Evkeeza
Evkeeza (evinacumab) is a medication specifically approved for certain patients with inherited hypercholesterolemia, a genetic condition that causes extremely high cholesterol levels. It works by blocking pathways that lead to increased production of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or “bad" cholesterol). It can help patients who may not respond well to traditional cholesterol-lowering treatments.
2. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
This class of medications works by blocking the absorption of cholesterol from the diet in the small intestine. By reducing the amount of cholesterol entering the bloodstream, these inhibitors help the liver in removing excess cholesterol and decrease overall LDL levels.
3. Statins
Statins are among the most widely prescribed medications for lowering cholesterol. They function by blocking the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in cholesterol production in the liver. Beyond reducing LDL-cholesterol levels, statins also have anti-inflammatory properties that stabilize plaques in the arteries, reducing the risk of heart attacks.
4. Bempedoic Acid
Bempedoic acid is a newer cholesterol-lowering drug, typically used in combination with other therapies. It works by targeting and blocking cholesterol being made in the liver before the change by HMG-CoA reductase, thus lowering LDL levels. It offers an option for patients who may be unable to take statins or require additional LDL reduction.
5. PCSK9 Inhibitors
PCSK9 inhibitors are medications that significantly lower LDL cholesterol. They work by blocking the PCSK9 protein, which reduces the liver’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. This class of drugs is particularly useful for individuals with inherited hypercholesterolemia or those who have not achieved target levels with other treatments.
6. Bile-Acid-Binding Resins
Bile-acid-binding resins lower cholesterol by binding to bile acids in the intestine. This binding forces the liver to use more cholesterol to produce new bile acids, which reduces the amount of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. They can be a useful addition to other therapies, especially when used with changes in diet.
7. Niacin
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, can help modify cholesterol levels by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL or “good" cholesterol) and reducing both LDL and triglyceride levels.
8. Fibrates
Fibrates are generally used to lower triglyceride levels and can simultaneously increase HDL levels. Though their impact on LDL cholesterol may be less effective when compared to statins, they are beneficial for patients with high triglyceride levels and can work in combination with other cholesterol-lowering medications.
9. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements, typically derived from fish oil, can play a role in cholesterol management by reducing triglycerides and promoting an overall healthy lipid profile. These supplements are particularly useful as an addition to other treatments, and their anti-inflammatory properties benefit heart health.
10. Diet
Adopting a heart-healthy diet is a cornerstone of cholesterol management. Emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and healthy fats can help lower LDL cholesterol. Reducing saturated fats and trans fats, which are found in fried foods, red meat and processed snacks, can further aid in keeping cholesterol levels in check. Including foods rich in fiber, such as oats and legumes, also contributes to improved cholesterol management.
11. Exercise
Regular physical activity is another powerful tool in managing cholesterol. Aerobic exercises like brisk walking, jogging, swimming or cycling can help raise HDL cholesterol while lowering LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise five times per week to experience the benefits.
12. Reduce Alcohol Consumption
Excessive alcohol intake can lead to elevated cholesterol levels and increased triglycerides. Reducing alcohol consumption helps maintain a balanced lipid profile and supports overall health. When alcohol is consumed in moderation, it may even make a small contribution to higher HDL levels, but the key is moderation.
13. Quit Smoking
Smoking adversely affects cholesterol levels by lowering HDL cholesterol and damaging blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart disease. Quitting smoking leads to improved HDL levels, better circulation and an overall healthier heart.
14. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Carrying excess weight, especially around the stomach, can contribute to higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of diet, exercise and lifestyle changes is crucial. Even slight weight loss can lead to significant improvements in cholesterol levels and overall heart health.